Monitoring Mechanical Ventilation Using Ventilator Waveforms 1st edition

This book discusses the interpretation mechanical ventilator waveforms. Each page shows a screenshot from a real patient and explains one or two messages. It starts with basic information about the waveforms and goes on to address passive and spontaneous ventilation, non-invasive ventilation and specific measurements such as pressure-volume curves and esophageal pressure. Step by step, readers learn about advanced monitoring of patient-ventilator synchronisation. This unique teaching approach has been adapted to this topic.

Covering the entire field of mechanical ventilation, it is of particular interest to physicians and respiratory therapist working in emergency departments, anesthesiology, intensive care and respiratory units.

Índice Monitoring Mechanical Ventilation Using Ventilator Waveforms 1st edition

1 Basics
1.2 Which Curves Are Relevant?
1.3 What Is a Loop?
1.4 Pressure Curve
1.5 Flow Curve
1.6 Volume Curve
1.7 Time Scale
1.8 Mandatory and Triggered Breaths
1.9 Static Respiratory Mechanics
1.10 Equation of Motion in Passive Patients
1.11 Equation of Motion for Spontaneously Breathing Patients
1.12 Independent and Dependent Variables
1.13 Which Curves Should Be Monitored During Inspiration?
1.14 Compliance
1.15 Static and Dynamic Compliance
1.16 Resistance
1.17 Dynamic Respiratory Mechanics: Time Constant
1.18 Expiratory Time Constant
1.19 Clinical Application of the Expiratory Time Constant
1.20 Rationale Behind Curve Analysis
Suggested Readings

2 Controlled Modes
2.1 Volume-Controlled Modes
2.2 Pressure-Controlled Mode
Suggested Reading

3 Monitoring During Expiration
3.1 Which Curves Should Be Monitored During Expiration?
3.2 Normal Shape of Expiration
3.3 Peak Expiratory Flow
3.4 Active Expiration
3.5 Shape of Expiratory Flow: Normal
3.6 Shape of Expiratory Flow: Decreased Compliance
3.7 Shape of Expiratory Flow: Increased Resistance
3.8 Shape of Expiratory Flow: Flow Limitation
3.9 Secretions
3.10 Bi-compartmental Expiration
3.11 Tracheal Malacia
3.12 End-Expiratory Flow
3.13 End-Expiratory Occlusion
3.14 AutoPEEP Without Dynamic Hyperinflation
3.15 Effect of Bronchodilators
3.16 Pressure Curve During Expiration
Suggested Readings

4 Assisted and Spontaneous Modes
4.1 Pressure Support
4.2 Volume Assist Control
Suggested Readings

5 Noninvasive Ventilation
5.1 NIV in Pressure Support Mode
5.2 Unintentional Leaks
5.3 Leak Rate
5.4 Inspiratory Trigger Delay
5.5 Autotriggering
5.6 Double Triggering
5.7 Ineffective Inspiratory Effort
5.8 Flow Overshoot
5.9 Patient Effort
5.10 Leaks and Cycling
5.11 Inspiratory Flow Distortion
5.12 Early Cycling
5.13 Delayed Cycling
5.14 Delayed Cycling and Patient Inspiratory Effort
5.15 Upper Airway Obstruction
5.16 Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
Suggested Readings

6 Pressure-Volume Loop
6.1 Quasi-Static Pressure-Volume Loop
6.2 Flow When Performing the PV Loop
6.3 PV Loop in a Normal Lung
6.4 PV Loop in ARDS
6.5 Change in Slope During Inflation
6.6 Linear Compliance
6.7 Chest-Wall Effect
6.8 Change in Slope During Deflation
6.9 Hysteresis
6.10 Hysteresis in COPD
6.11 Assessing the Potential for Recruitment
6.12 Recruitment Maneuvers
Suggested Readings

7 Esophageal Pressure Curve
7.1 The Esophageal Pressure Curve in Passive Patients
7.2 Esophageal Pressure Curve in Spontaneously Breathing Patients
Suggested Readings

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